PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.